Computing History & Innovations Flashcards

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All 30 flashcards for Computing History & Innovations

Which 1946 computer used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed roughly 30 tons?: ENIAC
Who were the principal designers of ENIAC?: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Which computer first executed a program stored in electronic memory in 1948?: Manchester Baby
Who wrote the first program that ran on the Manchester Baby?: Tom Kilburn
Which 1951 machine is described by the Computer History Museum as probably the first commercially available general-purpose computer?: Ferranti Mark I
Which early commercial computer gained widespread public attention after helping predict the 1952 U.S. presidential election?: UNIVAC I
Which IBM machine made history as the company's first electronic computer?: IBM 701
Which storage system shipped in 1956 with the world's first commercial hard disk drive?: IBM 305 RAMAC
Who demonstrated the first successful point-contact transistor at Bell Labs in 1947?: John Bardeen and Walter Brattain
What semiconductor material was used in Bardeen and Brattain's first successful point-contact transistor?: Germanium
Which two engineers are widely recognized as co-inventors of the integrated circuit?: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
At which company did Jack Kilby develop his pioneering integrated circuit?: Texas Instruments
Which processor introduced in 1971 became Intel's landmark early commercial microprocessor?: Intel 4004
For which Japanese calculator company was the Intel 4004 originally developed?: Busicom
Which computer is generally considered the first commercially successful minicomputer?: DEC PDP-8
Which influential 1962 computer game was developed for the DEC PDP-1?: Spacewar!
Which computer family did IBM announce on April 7, 1964, as a software-compatible range for both scientific and business computing?: System/360
Which 1970s computer pioneered the use of a graphical interface with windows, icons, and a mouse at Xerox PARC?: Xerox Alto
Which computer kit became a sensation after appearing on the cover of Popular Electronics in January 1975?: Altair 8800
Which Apple computer introduced in 1984 helped popularize mouse-driven graphical computing?: Macintosh
Which British engineer designed the Colossus computer used at Bletchley Park during World War II?: Tommy Flowers
What type of cipher was Colossus primarily built to help decipher?: Lorenz
Who conceived the Harvard Mark I computing machine?: Howard Aiken
Which company designed and built the Harvard Mark I?: IBM
Which 1960 computer helped establish many features later associated with minicomputers?: DEC PDP-1
Approximately how much did a typical DEC PDP-1 system cost when introduced?: $120,000
What nickname was given to IBM's 7030 high-performance computer completed in 1961?: Stretch
What special version of IBM Stretch was developed for the U.S. National Security Agency?: HARVEST
Which IBM computer had become so widespread by the mid-1960s that nearly half of the world's computers were IBM 1401s?: IBM 1401
Which pioneering time-sharing system was demonstrated at MIT in 1961?: CTSS