Correct: B. 1492

Christopher Columbus made his first Atlantic voyage in 1492, sailing west from Spain and reaching islands in the Caribbean. His fleet sighted land on October 12 after nearly ten weeks at sea.

Correct: B. Bahamas

Columbus's fleet made its famous October 1492 landfall in the Bahamas. Columbus named the island San Salvador, while its Indigenous name was Guanahani, although the precise modern island corresponding to the landing remains debated.

Correct: A. Lewis and Clark

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark jointly led the Corps of Discovery expedition across western North America. President Thomas Jefferson chose Lewis, who then selected Clark to share leadership responsibilities.

Correct: C. 1804

The Lewis and Clark Expedition began its westward journey in 1804. The Corps of Discovery departed Camp Wood on May 14 and travelled up the Missouri River toward the continent's interior.

Correct: B. Missouri River

Lewis and Clark followed the Missouri River during the early portion of their westward expedition. Moving upstream was difficult because of the river's strong current, snags, heat, and other hazards.

Correct: B. Endeavour

HMB Endeavour carried James Cook on his first major Pacific voyage from 1768 to 1771. The expedition observed the transit of Venus at Tahiti and later charted New Zealand and Australia's eastern coast.

Correct: C. Three

James Cook made three major voyages of exploration in the Pacific Ocean. His expeditions greatly expanded European geographic knowledge of the Pacific and included extensive surveying and scientific observation.

Correct: B. Endurance

Endurance became trapped in Antarctic pack ice during Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Increasing ice pressure eventually crushed the ship, forcing the expedition members to survive on the ice and later in lifeboats.

Correct: B. Apollo 8

Apollo 8 carried the first humans to orbit the Moon in December 1968. Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders travelled around the Moon before returning safely to Earth.

Correct: B. Michael Collins

Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit aboard the command module while Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the Moon. As command module pilot, Collins operated Columbia and supported the lunar module crew's return to orbit.

Correct: A. Eagle

Apollo 11's lunar module was named Eagle. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin used Eagle to descend to the Sea of Tranquility and later lift off from the lunar surface to rejoin Michael Collins.

Correct: A. Yuri Gagarin

Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth on April 12, 1961. The Soviet cosmonaut completed one orbit aboard Vostok 1 and became the first person to travel into space.

Correct: A. Vostok 1

Vostok 1 carried Yuri Gagarin on the first human orbital spaceflight in April 1961. The spacecraft completed a single orbit around Earth before Gagarin returned safely.

Correct: B. John Glenn

John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission restored an American crewed orbital capability after earlier U.S. suborbital flights.

Correct: C. Friendship 7

John Glenn named his Mercury spacecraft Friendship 7 for his historic 1962 orbital flight. The capsule carried him around Earth three times before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean.

Correct: A. Ed White

Ed White performed the first American spacewalk during Gemini IV on June 3, 1965. He left the spacecraft while commander James McDivitt remained inside and used a hand-held maneuvering unit during part of the excursion.

Correct: B. Voyager 2

Voyager 2 became the first spacecraft to fly past Neptune. It made its closest approach on August 25, 1989, completing its tour of all four giant outer planets.

Correct: C. 1989

Voyager 2 made its historic Neptune flyby in 1989. The spacecraft passed about 4,800 kilometers above the planet's cloud tops during closest approach on August 25.

Correct: B. Titan

The Huygens probe landed on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, on January 14, 2005. It transmitted measurements and images while descending through Titan's thick atmosphere and after reaching the surface.

Correct: B. New Horizons

New Horizons made the first close flyby of Pluto on July 14, 2015. The encounter provided humanity's first detailed views and measurements of Pluto and its moons.

Correct: B. Mars Pathfinder

Mars Pathfinder delivered the Sojourner rover to the Martian surface in 1997. Sojourner became the first wheeled vehicle to operate on another planet and tested technologies for later Mars rovers.

Correct: A. Viking 1

Viking 1 made the first fully successful U.S. landing on Mars on July 20, 1976. Its lander returned detailed surface images and conducted scientific measurements from Chryse Planitia.

Correct: C. Curiosity

Curiosity landed inside Gale Crater on Mars in August 2012. The car-sized rover was sent to investigate whether ancient Martian environments could have supported microbial life.

Correct: A. Robert Falcon Scott

Robert Falcon Scott led the British party that reached the South Pole in January 1912. On arrival, Scott and his companions discovered that Roald Amundsen's Norwegian team had reached the pole weeks earlier.

Correct: B. Terra Nova

Terra Nova carried Robert Falcon Scott's second Antarctic expedition, which began in 1910. The expedition combined extensive scientific work with Scott's attempt to reach the South Pole.

Correct: B. Nauvoo

The Mormon Pioneer journey west began from Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1846. The migrants crossed Iowa and eventually reached the Missouri River before continuing the journey toward the Great Basin.

Correct: C. 24-Jul

Brigham Young arrived in the Great Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. Members of the pioneer company had already entered the valley and begun work before Young's carriage arrived.

Correct: A. Donner-Reed Party

The Donner-Reed Party became trapped by heavy snow in the Sierra Nevada during the winter of 1846-1847. Delays along the route left the emigrants attempting the mountain crossing dangerously late in the season.

Correct: A. Discovery of gold

The discovery of gold in California in January 1848 dramatically increased migration along the California Trail. News of the discovery triggered the California Gold Rush and drew large numbers of emigrants westward.

Correct: A. Tangier

Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco, in the early fourteenth century. He became one of history's most celebrated travellers and recorded journeys across much of the Islamic world and beyond.

Correct: A. To perform the hajj to Mecca

Ibn Battuta initially left Morocco intending to perform the hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. He was about 21 years old when he began travelling and continued far beyond his original destination.

Correct: C. Ming

Zheng He led his great maritime voyages during China's Ming dynasty. The expeditions were sponsored by Ming emperors as part of diplomatic, political, and commercial engagement with overseas regions.

Correct: A. Pioneer 10

Pioneer 10 became the first spacecraft to travel through the main asteroid belt. The successful crossing demonstrated that a spacecraft could safely traverse the region on the way to the outer solar system.

Correct: B. Pioneer 10

Pioneer 10 made humanity's first close flyby of Jupiter. Its 1973 encounter returned direct measurements and close-up images of the giant planet and its environment.

Correct: B. Mariner 4

Mariner 4 completed the first successful close flyby of Mars in July 1965. It returned humanity's first close-up photographs of another planet and provided new measurements of the Martian environment.

Correct: C. Galileo

Galileo became the first human-made spacecraft to enter orbit around Jupiter. It arrived at the giant planet in December 1995 after a six-year interplanetary journey.

Correct: B. Venus

Venus was the destination of NASA's Magellan spacecraft. The mission used radar to map the planet's surface because Venus is permanently hidden beneath thick clouds at visible wavelengths.

Correct: A. Cross Australia from south to north

The Burke and Wills expedition aimed to become the first European expedition to cross the Australian continent from south to north. The venture was supported by the Victorian Government, the Royal Society of Victoria, and private citizens. Robert O'Hara Burke led the expedition while William John Wills served as surveyor, astronomer, and second-in-command.

Correct: C. Melbourne

The Burke and Wills expedition departed from Melbourne in August 1860. A large crowd gathered at Royal Park to watch Robert O'Hara Burke lead the heavily equipped party northward.