Correct: C. Greenland

Greenland is the largest island in the world that is not a continent (since Australia is classified as a continent). It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark and is covered mostly by a massive ice sheet.

Correct: C. Madagascar

Madagascar is a large island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa, world-renowned for its incredible biodiversity. Having been isolated from the mainland for over 80 million years, it has evolved a unique ecosystem where approximately 90% of its wildlife, including lemurs and various species of baobab trees, are found nowhere else on Earth.

Correct: C. A group of islands

An Archipelago is a geographical term for a group or chain of islands that are clustered together in a sea or ocean. These island groups can be formed through volcanic activity, the rising of the sea level, or tectonic movements over millions of years. Famous examples of archipelagos include Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Galapagos Islands.

Correct: A. Australia

Australia is often referred to as the "Island Continent" because it is a single large landmass that is completely surrounded by water, yet it is also a continent in its own right. It is the only continent that is also a single sovereign nation and the smallest of the seven traditional continents. Because of its isolation from other landmasses for millions of years, Australia is home to animals found nowhere else on Earth, such as marsupials.

Correct: B. Japan

Kyushu and Honshu are two of the four main islands that make up the country of Japan. Honshu is the largest and most populous island, containing the capital city of Tokyo and the iconic Mount Fuji, while Kyushu is the southernmost of the four and is known for its active volcanoes and hot springs. Together with Hokkaido and Shikoku, these islands form the volcanic archipelago that defines the Japanese nation.

Correct: A. Indonesia

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago nation consisting of over 17000 islands stretching across approximately 5000 kilometres of ocean between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Of these islands approximately 6000 are inhabited. The archipelago spans the equivalent distance from London to New York making Indonesia one of the most geographically dispersed nations on Earth.

Correct: D. The Japanese Archipelago

The Japanese Archipelago consists of four main islands - Honshu Hokkaido Kyushu and Shikoku - plus thousands of smaller islands. Honshu is by far the largest and most populous containing Tokyo Osaka and Kyoto. The archipelago stretches approximately 3000 kilometres from northeast to southwest in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Correct: A. Philippines

The Philippines is an archipelago of over 7100 islands in Southeast Asia located in the western Pacific Ocean. The three main island groups are Luzon in the north Visayas in the centre and Mindanao in the south. The Philippines has a population of approximately 115 million people spread across these islands making inter-island transport and governance uniquely complex.

Correct: D. A ring-shaped coral reef island or chain of islets enclosing a lagoon typically found in tropical ocean regions especially the Pacific and Indian Oceans

An atoll is a ring-shaped coral island or chain of islands enclosing a central lagoon. They form when a volcanic island gradually sinks into the ocean while coral continues to grow maintaining a circular reef structure. The Maldives Marshall Islands Kiribati and Tuvalu consist largely of atolls.

Correct: D. Tuvalu

Tuvalu is a Pacific island nation consisting of nine low-lying atolls and coral islands with a maximum elevation of just 5 metres above sea level. It is considered one of the countries most threatened by rising sea levels due to climate change. Tuvalu's government has begun negotiating agreements with New Zealand and Australia for the potential relocation of its 11000 citizens.

Correct: B. Cuba

Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean with an area of approximately 110860 square kilometres - roughly the size of England. It is home to approximately 11 million people and has been ruled by the Communist Party since Fidel Castro's revolution in 1959. Cuba sits at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico and has played an outsized role in geopolitics particularly during the Cold War.

Correct: B. Nauru

Nauru is the world's smallest island nation with a land area of just 21 square kilometres - roughly the size of a small town. It is a raised coral island in the central Pacific with a population of approximately 10500 people. Nauru was once one of the wealthiest countries per capita in the world due to phosphate mining but its reserves are now almost entirely depleted.

Correct: D. Inspiring Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection after he observed unique species found nowhere else on Earth

The Galapagos Islands located 900 kilometres off the coast of Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean are famous for the unique wildlife that inspired Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection following his 1835 visit on HMS Beagle. The islands' isolated position allowed species to evolve differently on each island giving Darwin key evidence that species change over time.

Correct: C. A low-lying archipelago of approximately 1200 coral islands in the Indian Ocean that is the world's lowest-lying country with an average elevation of just 1.5 metres above sea level

The Maldives is an island nation in the Indian Ocean consisting of approximately 1200 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls. It has a population of approximately 550000 people and is the world's lowest-lying country with a maximum natural ground level of only 2.4 metres above sea level making it extremely vulnerable to rising seas.

Correct: A. Hispaniola

Hispaniola is the Caribbean island shared by two nations - Haiti on the western third and the Dominican Republic on the eastern two-thirds. It is the second most populous island in the Caribbean after Cuba with approximately 22 million people. The stark economic and environmental differences between the two countries on the same island are visible even from satellite - Haiti's side is largely deforested while the Dominican Republic's retains more tree cover.

Correct: A. French Polynesia

French Polynesia is an overseas collectivity of France consisting of 118 islands and atolls spread across the south Pacific Ocean including the Society Islands (Tahiti Bora Bora Moorea) the Marquesas Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago. Despite covering an ocean area larger than Europe French Polynesia has a land area of only about 4000 square kilometres and a population of approximately 280000.

Correct: C. Iceland itself - a single large volcanic island

Iceland is a single large volcanic island located in the North Atlantic Ocean sitting atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates meet. With an area of approximately 103000 square kilometres it is the 18th largest island in the world and the largest island in Europe that is not a continent. Iceland is actively volcanic with eruptions occurring every 4-5 years on average.

Correct: B. Spanish islands off the northwest coast of Africa that are an autonomous community of Spain despite being over 1000 kilometres from the Spanish mainland

The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago located approximately 100 kilometres off the northwest coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. They consist of seven main islands including Tenerife Gran Canaria Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Despite being geographically closer to Africa they are politically part of Spain and the European Union.

Correct: B. Portugal

The Azores are an autonomous region of Portugal consisting of nine volcanic islands located approximately 1500 kilometres west of mainland Portugal in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. They sit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the junction of the North American Eurasian and African tectonic plates. The capital is Ponta Delgada on So Miguel island.

Correct: B. Its extraordinary endemic species - approximately 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth - because it separated from mainland Africa 88 million years ago

Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island and one of the most biodiverse places on Earth. Because it separated from Africa approximately 88 million years ago its wildlife evolved in complete isolation. Approximately 90% of Madagascar's wildlife including all 100+ species of lemurs is endemic - found nowhere else on the planet.

Correct: C. Shetland Islands

The Shetland Islands are a Scottish archipelago located approximately 170 kilometres north of mainland Scotland and just 280 kilometres west of Bergen Norway making them closer to the Arctic Circle than to London. They consist of approximately 100 islands of which 16 are inhabited. The capital is Lerwick. Shetland ponies - famous for their small sturdy build - originate from these islands.

Correct: A. A British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic claimed by Argentina that was the subject of a brief but significan't war in 1982 when Argentina invaded and Britain retook the islands

The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas to Argentina) are a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean approximately 300 kilometres east of Argentina. They have approximately 3700 inhabitants mostly of British descent. Argentina has long claimed sovereignty and the dispute led to the Falklands War in 1982 when Argentina invaded and Britain sent a naval task force to retake the islands.

Correct: A. Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands are an autonomous territory of Denmark located in the North Atlantic Ocean roughly midway between Norway and Iceland. They consist of 18 islands with a population of approximately 55000 people. The islands are famous for their dramatic landscapes sheep (Faroe means sheep island) and traditional culture.

Correct: B. Sicily

Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea with an area of approximately 25711 square kilometres. It is an autonomous region of Italy located at the toe of the Italian boot separated from the mainland by the narrow Strait of Messina. Sicily is home to Mount Etna Europe's tallest and most active volcano.

Correct: B. A dramatic Norwegian archipelago north of the Arctic Circle famous for fishing Viking history and the Northern Lights

The Lofoten Islands are a Norwegian archipelago located above the Arctic Circle in the Norwegian Sea. They are famous for their dramatic scenery of jagged mountain peaks tiny fishing villages colorful wooden houses and the midnight sun in summer and Northern Lights in winter. The islands have been a centre of Norwegian cod fishing for over a thousand years.

Correct: C. A semi-autonomous archipelago off the coast of Tanzania historically famous as a centre of the spice trade and the last major hub of the East African slave trade

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania consisting of the main island Unguja (commonly called Zanzibar) and the smaller Pemba Island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa. It was historically one of the world's most important trading centres for spices (particularly cloves) and was tragically also the last major hub of the East African slave trade.

Correct: A. Aleutian Islands

The Aleutian Islands are a chain of approximately 300 volcanic islands stretching approximately 1900 kilometres from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. They form a natural bridge between North America and Asia and were the route taken by the first humans to populate the Americas approximately 15000 years ago.

Correct: A. Komodo

Komodo Island in eastern Indonesia is home to the Komodo dragon the world's largest living lizard which can grow up to 3 metres long and weigh up to 70 kilograms. Komodo dragons are found on only a handful of Indonesian islands - Komodo Rinca Flores and Gili Motang - and the area has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and national park.

Correct: B. Ceylon

Sri Lanka was formerly known as Ceylon - the name used during British colonial rule until the country changed its name to Sri Lanka in 1972 upon becoming a republic. The island located just 31 kilometres off the southern tip of India is separated by the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka is famous for its tea production which still sometimes appears under the Ceylon brand on international markets.

Correct: B. South Island

The South Island (Te Waipounamu in Mori) is the larger of New Zealand's two main islands with an area of approximately 151000 square kilometres. It is dominated by the Southern Alps mountain range running along its spine with peaks including Aoraki Mount Cook reaching 3724 metres. Despite being larger than the North Island it is less populous with approximately 1.1 million people.

Correct: D. A volcanic island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France located east of Madagascar

Runion is a French overseas department and region located in the Indian Ocean approximately 800 kilometres east of Madagascar and 175 kilometres southwest of Mauritius. It is home to approximately 900000 people and features Piton de la Fournaise one of the world's most active volcanoes. As an overseas department Runion is legally part of France and the European Union.

Correct: B. Saint Helena

Saint Helena is a remote British Overseas Territory island in the South Atlantic Ocean approximately 1900 kilometres west of Africa. Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled there following his final defeat at Waterloo in 1815 and died on the island in 1821. Until an airport opened in 2016 Saint Helena was one of the most remote permanently inhabited places on Earth accessible only by ship.

Correct: D. Taiwan

Formosa is the historical name for what is now Taiwan - derived from the Portuguese Ilha Formosa meaning Beautiful Island which Portuguese sailors named it when they first sailed past in 1542. Taiwan today is a self-governing democratic island of approximately 23 million people that the People's Republic of China claims as part of its territory.

Correct: C. Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is often called the teardrop of India due to its distinctive teardrop shape on maps and its location just 31 kilometres off the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent separated by the shallow Palk Strait. The island has a population of approximately 22 million and is famous for its Buddhist temples colonial heritage wildlife and world-renowned tea.

Correct: D. Balearic Islands

The Balearic Islands are an autonomous community of Spain located in the western Mediterranean Sea. The four main islands are Mallorca (the largest) Menorca Ibiza and Formentera. They are among Europe's most popular tourist destinations attracting approximately 15 million visitors per year. Palma de Mallorca is the capital.

Correct: D. Fiji

Fiji is a Pacific island nation consisting of over 330 islands of which approximately 110 are permanently inhabited. The two largest islands are Viti Levu (home to the capital Suva) and Vanua Levu. Fiji has a population of approximately 930000 people and is a major tourism destination. It was a British colony until gaining independence in 1970.

Correct: B. Runion

Runion is the French island in the Indian Ocean located approximately 175 kilometres southwest of Mauritius. Both Runion and Mauritius were uninhabited when first discovered by Arab sailors and later settled by European colonisers. While Mauritius became independent in 1968 Runion chose to remain part of France as an overseas department enjoying the same legal status as metropolitan France.

Correct: D. Madeira

Madeira is an autonomous region of Portugal consisting of the main island Madeira and the smaller Porto Santo and Desertas Islands. Located approximately 1000 kilometres southwest of Lisbon and 520 kilometres from the African coast it is famous for Madeira wine its subtropical climate lush vegetation and distinctive embroidery.

Correct: C. A volcanic island nation in the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa that gained independence from Portugal in 1975

Cape Verde (officially Cabo Verde) is a volcanic archipelago of ten islands located approximately 570 kilometres off the west coast of Senegal in the Atlantic Ocean. It gained independence from Portugal in 1975 and has since become one of Africa's most stable democracies and economically successful small island states. The islands were uninhabited when Portuguese explorers arrived in 1456.

Correct: B. Java

Java is the most populated island on Earth with over 150 million people living on approximately 138000 square kilometres - equivalent to more than the entire population of Russia on an island roughly the size of England. It is the political economic and cultural centre of Indonesia containing the capital Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Despite being only one of Indonesia's 17000 islands Java is home to approximately 55% of the national population.

Correct: D. Easter Island

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean is famous for its approximately 1000 monumental statues called Moai carved by the Rapa Nui people between roughly 1250 and 1500 CE. The island is one of the most remote inhabited places on Earth located approximately 3700 kilometres from mainland Chile to which it belongs.

Correct: B. A French island in the Mediterranean birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte located approximately 170 kilometres from the French mainland

Corsica is a French island in the Mediterranean Sea the fourth largest Mediterranean island and an autonomous territorial collectivity of France. Located approximately 170 kilometres from the French mainland and just 11 kilometres from Sardinia Corsica is famous as the birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1769 just one year after France acquired it from Genoa.

Correct: D. Madagascar

Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island with an area of approximately 587000 square kilometres located in the Indian Ocean approximately 420 kilometres off the southeast coast of Africa. It is separated from the African mainland by the Mozambique Channel. Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot with approximately 90% of its wildlife found nowhere else on Earth.

Correct: B. New Zealand

New Zealand became the first country in Oceania to have a female head of government when Jenny Shipley became Prime Minister in 1997 followed by Helen Clark from 1999 to 2008 and Jacinda Ardern from 2017 to 2023. New Zealand is also a large island nation consisting of two main islands and numerous smaller ones in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

Correct: D. Svalbard

Svalbard is a Norwegian Arctic archipelago that hosts the Svalbard Global Seed Vault - a facility built into a mountain on Spitsbergen island that stores backup copies of seeds from the world's crop plants as insurance against global catastrophe. The vault currently holds over 1.3 million seed varieties from virtually every country on Earth.

Correct: A. New Guinea

New Guinea is the world's second largest island shared between two countries - the western half belongs to Indonesia as the provinces of Papua and West Papua while the eastern half is the independent nation of Papua New Guinea. The island has extraordinary biological and cultural diversity and some of the world's most challenging terrain with mountainous interior highlands that isolated communities for thousands of years.

Correct: D. Liberty Island

The Statue of Liberty stands on Liberty Island a small island of approximately 5.5 hectares in New York Harbor. The statue was a gift from France to the United States dedicated on 28 October 1886. The nearby Ellis Island served as the main immigration processing station for millions of immigrants entering the United States between 1892 and 1954.

Correct: D. New Zealand

The Cook Islands are a self-governing island nation in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. The 15 islands are scattered over 2.2 million square kilometres of ocean and have a resident population of approximately 17000 though many Cook Islanders live in New Zealand. Cook Islanders are New Zealand citizens with the right to live and work there.

Correct: D. Greenland

Greenland is the world's largest island with an area of approximately 2.166 million square kilometres - nearly three times the size of Texas. Despite its enormous area approximately 80% is covered by the Greenland ice sheet. It is an autonomous territory of Denmark with a population of only approximately 57000 people mostly Inuit. Polar bears roam the northern regions.

Correct: D. Galpagos Islands

The Galpagos Islands are a volcanic archipelago belonging to Ecuador located approximately 900 kilometres off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. The islands consist of 13 main islands and many smaller ones straddling the equator. They are administered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and National Park and are famous for the unique wildlife that inspired Darwin's theory of evolution.

Correct: A. Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands are an autonomous territory of Denmark in the North Atlantic with approximately 55000 people speaking Faroese their own North Germanic language. Despite being part of the Danish Realm the Faroe Islands are outside the European Union. Their football team is famous for a historic 1-0 victory over Austria in 1990 which was the first competitive international match the Faroese team ever played.

Correct: C. Galpagos Islands

The Galpagos Islands are a volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean approximately 1,000 km west of Ecuador - famous for inspiring Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection after his 1835 visit. The islands are known for their unique wildlife adapted to island conditions.

Correct: A. Hawaii

Hawaii (USA) is the world's most remote inhabited archipelago - located approximately 3,700 km from the nearest continent (North America). The Hawaiian Islands are the tops of massive shield volcanoes rising from the Pacific floor.