Correct: D. Software as a Service

SaaS stands for "Software as a Service." It is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is centrally hosted on the "cloud" and provided to users over the internet on a subscription basis. This eliminates the need for users to install and run applications on their own computers or data centers, simplifying maintenance and support. Common examples include Google Workspace, Salesforce, and Netflix.

Correct: B. Command Line Interface

CLI stands for Command Line Interface. It is a text-based user interface used to run programs, manage computer files, and interact with the computer by typing commands into a terminal window. While most casual users prefer Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) with icons and mouse clicks, programmers and system administrators prefer CLI because it is faster, uses fewer resources, and allows for powerful automation.

Correct: B. ENIAC

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), completed in 1945, is widely considered the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. It was a massive machine that occupied about 1,800 square feet and used over 17,000 vacuum tubes.

Correct: B. Long Term Evolution

LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution. It is a standard for high-speed wireless communication for mobile devices and data terminals, offering much faster speeds than the older 3G networks.

Correct: B. Software as a Service

SaaS stands for Software as a Service. It is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is provided on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted in the cloud. Examples include Google Workspace, Netflix, and Salesforce.

Correct: D. Vitalik Buterin

Vitalik Buterin is the most well-known co-founder of Ethereum, the blockchain platform that introduced smart contracts to the world. He published the white paper for Ethereum in 2013 when he was just 19 years old.

Correct: D. What You See Is What You Get

WYSIWYG stands for "What You See Is What You Get." It refers to software (like Microsoft Word or certain web editors) where the content displayed on the screen during editing looks exactly like the final product (such as a printed page or a live website).

Correct: B. Wood

The first computer mouse was made of wood. It was invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1964 and featured two metal wheels to track movement on a flat surface.

Correct: D. Media Access Control

MAC stands for Media Access Control. A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. Unlike an IP address, a MAC address is typically permanent and "burned into" the hardware.

Correct: D. 1992

The first SMS (Short Message Service) was sent on December 3, 1992. It was sent by Neil Papworth, a 22-year-old engineer, from a computer to the mobile phone of Richard Jarvis, a director at Vodafone. The message simply said "Merry Christmas."

Correct: A. Creeper

The 'Brain' virus, created in 1986 by two brothers from Pakistan (Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi), is considered the first computer virus for the IBM PC to be found "in the wild." Interestingly, they didn't create it to be malicious; they wanted to track illegal copies of their medical software.

Correct: C. Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. It is a technology that combines multiple physical hard drives into a single logical unit to improve data redundancy, performance, or both. Common levels include RAID 0 (speed), RAID 1 (mirroring for safety), and RAID 5 (a balance of both).

Correct: D. ENIAC

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. It used vacuum tubes instead of mechanical gears, making it thousands of times faster than previous machines.

Correct: B. Lo

The first message sent over ARPANET (the precursor to the Internet) was "LO". The student programmer meant to type "LOGIN," but the system crashed after the first two letters! This historic event happened on October 29, 1969.

Correct: A. Frontier

Frontier is the world's most powerful supercomputer (as of 2023), located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA. It was the first system to achieve "exascale" speed, meaning it can perform over a quintillion (a billion billion) calculations per second.

Correct: B. Google

Google was originally called BackRub when it was first developed in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin. The name referred to the search engine's ability to analyze "backlinks" to determine the importance of a website.

Correct: A. Kodak

The world's first portable digital camera was created by Steven Sasson, an engineer at Kodak, in 1975. It weighed 8 pounds and had a resolution of just 0.01 megapixels.

Correct: B. Enterprise Resource Planning

ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It is a type of software system that helps organizations manage their core business processes, such as accounting, human resources, supply chain, and manufacturing, in one single integrated suite.

Correct: A. Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is the most widely used format for digital images, particularly those produced by digital photography. It uses "lossy" compression, which means it discards some image data to keep file sizes small.

Correct: C. Solid-State Battery

Solid-state batteries replace the flammable liquid electrolyte found in traditional lithium-ion batteries with a solid ceramic or polymer material. This design significan'tly reduces the risk of fire and allows for much faster charging speeds and higher energy density. Major automotive companies like Toyota and Samsung are racing to commercialize this technology to extend the range of electric vehicles.

Correct: B. Visible light

Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) uses flickering LED light bulbs to transmit data at speeds that can theoretically exceed 100 Gbps. Because light cannot pass through walls, Li-Fi is considered more secure than Wi-Fi and is ideal for environments where radio frequency interference is a problem, such as hospitals or airplanes. However, it requires a direct line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver to function effectively.

Correct: B. Total Internal Reflection

Total Internal Reflection occurs when light hits the boundary between the glass core and the surrounding 'cladding' at a specific angle, causing it to bounce back into the core. This allows the light signal to travel for miles with very little loss of strength, enabling the high-speed, long-distance data transmission that forms the backbone of the internet. If the cable is bent too sharply, the light can escape, which is why fiber optic installations require careful handling.