Correct: C. Edvard Munch

Edvard Munch painted "The Scream", creating four versions of this iconic work between 1893 and 1910. The most famous version, painted in 1893, is part of the National Gallery in Oslo, Norway. The painting depicts an agonized figure against a blood-red sky, capturing a moment of existential dread and anxiety. Munch wrote of the inspiration: "I sensed an infinite scream passing through nature."

Correct: A. Plaster

Plaster is the primary material used in a fresco painting technique. In true fresco (buon fresco), pigment mixed with water is applied to a thin layer of wet, fresh lime plaster. As the plaster dries and carbonates, the pigment becomes chemically bonded to the wall, making the painting durable for centuries. Fresco was widely used during the Renaissance for large-scale murals.

Correct: B. Jackson Pollock

Jackson Pollock is known for his "Drip Painting" technique, a form of action painting where he would pour and drip paint onto a canvas laid on the floor. This method allowed him to work from all sides and create complex, layered compositions. Pollock's most famous works from this period include "Number 1A" (1948) and "Blue Poles" (1952).

Correct: B. Pointillism

Pointillism is an art style that uses small distinct dots of color to form an image. Developed in the 1880s by Georges Seurat and Paul Signac, the technique is based on scientific color theory-dots of pure color are placed close together so they blend in the viewer's eye rather than on the palette. This creates a luminous, vibrant effect.

Correct: B. Gilbert Stuart

Gilbert Stuart was the leading portraitist of the early United States and created over 100 images of George Washington alone. His unfinished 'Athenaeum Portrait' is the most famous version and served as the model for the image of Washington on the US one-dollar bill. Despite his professional success, Stuart struggled with debt and left many of his works unfinished.

Correct: C. Diego Velzquez

Diego Velzquez's 'Las Meninas' is one of the most analyzed works in Western art history due to its complex and enigmatic composition. The painting raises questions about reality and illusion, as it depicts a room in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid with various members of the court, while the King and Queen are seen only in a mirror reflection. It has influenced countless artists, including Picasso and Dal, who created their own series of interpretations of the work.

Correct: C. Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck utilized thin, transparent glazes of oil paint to achieve a level of detail and luminosity that was unprecedented in the medieval period. The 'Arnolfini Portrait' is famous for its intricate symbolism and the tiny, detailed reflection of the artist and another witness in the convex mirror on the back wall. This technical mastery helped shift Northern European art toward a more realistic and observational style.

Correct: B. Hieronymus Bosch

Hieronymus Bosch's most famous work depicts the world in three stages: the Garden of Eden on the left, a landscape of earthly pleasures in the center, and a terrifying vision of Hell on the right. The painting is filled with bizarre creatures, complex allegories, and moral warnings that continue to fascinate and baffle art historians today. It was likely intended as a didactic piece for a noble patron, reflecting the religious anxieties of the late Middle Ages.

Correct: C. Paul Czanne

Paul Czanne sought to reduce nature to its fundamental geometric forms, such as the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone. His experiments with perspective and his use of structured brushstrokes were a direct inspiration for Picasso and Matisse, both of whom referred to him as 'the father of us all.' His many paintings of Mont Sainte-Victoire demonstrate his lifelong obsession with analyzing the structure of the landscape.

Correct: B. Eugne Delacroix

Eugne Delacroix used vibrant colors and dynamic movement to depict the personification of Liberty as a woman holding the tricolor flag and leading the French people over the barricades. The painting captures the raw energy and chaos of revolution, blending realism with idealized symbolism. It became a powerful icon for the French Republic and remains one of the most famous political paintings in history.

Correct: B. Jean-Honor Fragonard

Jean-Honor Fragonard's 'The Swing' is considered a masterpiece of the Rococo era, characterized by its pastel colors, ornate detail, and themes of leisure and flirtation. The painting depicts a young woman being pushed on a swing while her lover hides in the bushes below, capturing the playful and often scandalous spirit of the French aristocracy. This style was eventually rejected by the more serious Neoclassical movement that followed the French Revolution.

Correct: C. Gustave Courbet

Gustave Courbet rejected the idealized subjects of Romanticism and Neoclassicism in favor of depicting the raw, everyday life of the common people. He famously stated, 'I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one,' signaling his commitment to artistic honesty and social commentary. His controversial works and his independent 'Pavilion of Realism' exhibition in 1855 were major steps toward the modern avant-garde.

Correct: B. Futurism

Futurism was launched by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past by embracing the beauty of the machine age. Artists like Umberto Boccioni sought to depict dynamic movement and 'universal dynamism' in painting and sculpture. The movement was highly influential but also controversial for its support of war and its early association with Italian Fascism.

Correct: B. The Van Eyck Brothers

The Ghent Altarpiece is one of the most complex and stolen works of art in history, consisting of 12 panels that can be folded to show different scenes. It was started by Hubert van Eyck and completed by his younger brother Jan van Eyck in 1432 for the St. Bavo Cathedral in Ghent. The work is a masterpiece of the Northern Renaissance, featuring incredible detail, rich symbolism, and early mastery of oil painting.